Name agreement in picture naming: An ERP study

Name agreement is the extent to which different people agree on a name for a particular picture. Previous studies have found that it takes longer to name low name agreement pictures than high name agreement pictures. To examine the effect of name agreement in the online process of picture naming, we compared event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded whilst 19 healthy, native English speakers silently named pictures which had either high or low name agreement. A series of ERP components was examined: P1 approximately 120ms from picture onset, N1 around 170ms, P2 around 220ms, N2 around 290ms, and P3 around 400ms. Additionally, a late time window from 800 to 900ms was considered. Name agreement had an early effect, starting at P1 and possibly resulting from uncertainty of picture identity, and continuing into N2, possibly resulting from alternative names for pictures. These results support the idea that name agreement affects two consecutive processes: first, object recognition, and second, lexical selection and/or phonological encoding

Immediate auditory repetition of words and nonwords: An ERP study of lexical and sublexical processing

ERPs were elicited to (1) words, (2) pseudowords derived from these words, and (3) nonwords with no lexical neighbors, in a task involving listening to immediately repeated auditory stimuli. There was a significant early (P200) effect of phonotactic probability in the first auditory presentation, which discriminated words and pseudowords from nonwords; and a significant somewhat later (N400) effect of lexicality, which discriminated words from pseudowords and nonwords. There was no reliable effect of lexicality in the ERPs to the second auditory presentation. We conclude that early sublexical phonological processing differed according to phonotactic probability of the stimuli, and that lexically-based redintegration occurred for words but did not occur for pseudowords or nonwords. Thus, in online word recognition and immediate retrieval, phonological and/or sublexical processing plays a more important role than lexical level redintegration

Modeling and simulation study of electromechanically system of the human extremity exoskeleton

In order to design a suitable control scheme for human extremity exoskeleton, the interaction force control scheme which regards human body as the work environment of human extremity exoskeleton was proposed. And then, the electromechanical system of human extremity exoskeleton was simplified, and the modeling and simulation study of the electromechanical system by using Matlab/Simulink module was carried out. The angular deviations between human extremity exoskeleton joints and human body joints were obtained by the simulation. Besides, the torques provided by human body and motors for human extremity exoskeleton joints to bear heavy payload were calculated. The analysis of the simulation calculation results proves that the interaction force control scheme can achieve good man-machine coordinated walking as well as help human body bear heavy payload. Besides, the upper extremity exoskeleton experiment was conducted, and the same conclusion with the simulation study was obtained

Study on barrel vibration characteristics of typical sniper rifle

The firing accuracy of sniper rifle is significantly affected by the barrel vibration induced by shooting load. The barrel vibration is an important parameter needing to be precisely controlled, whose measurement is less studied before. The vertical vibration characteristics of sniper rifle barrel is obtained for the duration of 500 ms with high speed photography system. Both the averaged vibration frequency and maximum amplitude of the measured muzzle are gained. It is found from the test that after the appearance of the maximum value, the vibration amplitude of the muzzle reduces with nearly fixed vibration frequency. In addition, the finite element model is conducted for the barrel vibration regarding sniper rifle. And then the natural frequency as well as the vibration reflection of the barrel under the effort of shooting load is calculated with the model. The model accuracy is well validated for the numerical results are substantially in line with the measurements

Modeling and simulation study of electromechanically system of the human extremity exoskeleton

In order to design a suitable control scheme for human extremity exoskeleton, the interaction force control scheme which regards human body as the work environment of human extremity exoskeleton was proposed. And then, the electromechanical system of human extremity exoskeleton was simplified, and the modeling and simulation study of the electromechanical system by using Matlab/Simulink module was carried out. The angular deviations between human extremity exoskeleton joints and human body joints were obtained by the simulation. Besides, the torques provided by human body and motors for human extremity exoskeleton joints to bear heavy payload were calculated. The analysis of the simulation calculation results proves that the interaction force control scheme can achieve good man-machine coordinated walking as well as help human body bear heavy payload. Besides, the upper extremity exoskeleton experiment was conducted, and the same conclusion with the simulation study was obtained

Effects of gap size, gap age, and bamboo Fargesia denudata on Abies faxoniana recruitment in South-western China

Aim of study: to study the effects of gap size, gap age and bamboo Fargesia denudata on natural regeneration of Abies faxoniana, both of which are the ubiquitous dominants in our research area.Area of study: subalpine coniferous forests in Wanglang Natural Reserve in Southwestern China.Material and Methods: 10 transect belts were randomly established, and a total of 97 gaps were recorded and used.Main results: (1) the number of bamboos with coverage of <17% significantly increased with increases of gap size and age, but the latter had little influence on the numbers of F. denudata with coverage of >17%. (2) F. denudata strongly inhibited A. faxoniana seedlings and saplings in small, young and old gaps, where the amount of A. faxoniana recruitment was relatively abundant, than in other types of gap. (3) The numbers of A. faxoniana seedlings in A-gaps, significantly decreased with the increases in gap size. However, in gaps where F. denudate was also present, A. faxoniana seedlings and saplings were insensitive to gap size or age. Research highlights: thick F. denudata would not be influenced by gap size or age. Because of the low occurrences of A. faxoniana seedlings and saplings, the negative effect of gap size, gap age and F. denudata on A. faxoniana recruitment was unclear.Key words: Abies faxoniana; Fargesia denudata; gap age; gap size; regeneration

Plasmonic enhanced Cu2O-Au-BFO photocathodes for solar hydrogen production

Abstract A novel Cu2O-Au-BFO heterostructure photocathode was constructed which significantly improved the efficiency of photo-generated carrier transfer for solar hydrogen production. A BiFeO3 (BFO) ferroelectric film was synthesized on top of a Cu2O layer by a sputtering process. The BFO layer acted to protect the Cu2O layer from photochemical corrosion, increasing photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability. The p–n heterojunction between Cu2O and BFO layers enhanced the PEC properties by suppressing charge recombination and improved interfacial charge transfer efficiency. When Cu2O and BFO are interfaced by Au Nanoparticles (NPs) the PEC performance was further enhanced, due to hot-electron transfer at the plasmonic resonance. After positive poling, the depolarization field across the whole volume of BFO film drove electrons into the electrolyte solution, inducing a significant anodic shift, Vop of 1.01 V vs. RHE, together with a significantly enhanced photocurrent density of −91 μA/cm2 at 0 V vs. RHE under 100 mW/cm2 illumination. The mechanism was investigated through experimental and theoretivcal calculations